hajar nili ahmad abadi; ali karbasi zadeh
Abstract
This paper aims to conduct a comparative study of the views held by Allameh Tabataba'i and Kant on the social freedom. Their views are introduced in the first two parts and compared and contrasted in the last part. Allameh Tabataba'i believes the true freedom to be freedom from all restraints but the ...
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This paper aims to conduct a comparative study of the views held by Allameh Tabataba'i and Kant on the social freedom. Their views are introduced in the first two parts and compared and contrasted in the last part. Allameh Tabataba'i believes the true freedom to be freedom from all restraints but the submission to God. Kant, however, deems true freedom to be freedom of the will. They both believe that the mankind first resists the establishment of social life but finally accepts it and enacts the law to secure the society and enjoy the social freedom. In Allameh Tabataba'i's belief, the law should be based on monotheism, resurrection, ethics, and reason, while for Kant, freedom of the will and the self constitute the basis for the law. They, however, share the belief that the law by itself could not help the mankind to establish the social freedom. Allameh Tabataba'i declares monotheism and ethical faith as the basis of the law, and Kant deems ethical rules based on pure reason its prerequisite.
ali karbasi zadeh; faatemh soleymani dehnavi
Abstract
There are various and sometimes contradictory ideas about Rousseau's thoughts. Some classify him in the group of enlightenment thinkers and some acknowledge him as an anti-enlightenment philosopher. There is no doubt that Rousseau's thought was affected by some elements of enlightenment, however, he ...
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There are various and sometimes contradictory ideas about Rousseau's thoughts. Some classify him in the group of enlightenment thinkers and some acknowledge him as an anti-enlightenment philosopher. There is no doubt that Rousseau's thought was affected by some elements of enlightenment, however, he criticized most of its characteristics as well, and challenged rationalism in the age of mastery of reason. The significance of humanity and the freedom of human beings is one of the central concepts in Rousseau's thought, but he considered reason and rationality as a tool for decreasing the very freedom. In Rousseau's view the culture of modernity not only has been constituted due to absence of morality, but also the development of science and art has not improved human's life at all. He believed that only the natural state of human's essence can release him. This paper will explain the enlightenment principles in Rousseau's thought, and compare the affinities and dissimilarities of his beliefs with the other thinkers of the age of enlightenment.
ali karbasi zadeh
Abstract
From the ancient time, Philosophy has been defined by philosophers in many different scopes. Nietzsche, who acknowledged himself as a "Philosopher", has offered a definition of philosophy too; however, his perception of philosophy is thoroughly different from the others, because he contemplated philosophy ...
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From the ancient time, Philosophy has been defined by philosophers in many different scopes. Nietzsche, who acknowledged himself as a "Philosopher", has offered a definition of philosophy too; however, his perception of philosophy is thoroughly different from the others, because he contemplated philosophy from a new perspective for the first time. Nietzsche criticized the fundamental presuppositions of metaphysical systems, and believed that the essence of philosophy is nihilistic in itself, and so its time has been come to an end. He declared that philosophy is an untimely and extraordinary expression, and claimed that his own works deserve to be called "philosophy"; hence, he named himself not a poet, scientist, or psychologist, but a "philosopher". Nietzsche divided the philosophers into two groups: the masters who create values, and the slaves who love and seek for knowledge and truth. He confessed that he belongs to the first group, and distinguished himself such as "the future philosopher" and his philosophy a heritage to the futurities.
